Apartheid Was Officially Incorporated By The Afrikaner

Apartheid was officially incorporated by the Afrikaner Nationalist party in 1948. It was a system of legal discrimination, effectively revoking the rights of twenty five million black South Africans for over forty years in favor of the five million whites who had held government through colonization. The laws established under apartheid combined earlier segregation laws and customs into a new comprehensive code of racial statutes, and had as its main aim the establishment of legal separation and white supremacist rule. A total of three hundred and seventeen laws came into effect, legally affecting all aspects of life for black South Africans including but not limited to; land ownership, freedom of association, the right to vote, and†¦show more content†¦Controlled Movement And Fake Independence One of the fist strategies employed was the Bantu Authorities Act, the idea of this was to effectively exclude Black people from the country’s politics. These policies were laid down in 1951 and were the basis for creating what were known as ‘Homelands’. These were areas where black workers would have to live, yet they were considered as being outside the country, which meant that those who lived in the Homelands were required to carry passports when in South Africa. The term that was used consistently was â€Å"White South Africa† as the Government intended to move every Black person to his or her separate ethnic homeland in order to have South Africa completely in the hands of the White population. Blacks were given homelands, and that meant that whatever their culture was, they had to go to the given homeland and were allowed to govern themselves independently without white intervention. Between 1976 and 1981, four of these Homelands were created, denat ionalizing nearly half of the black South African population. This was an attempt to place black peoples even lower on the social scale and further strengthen the white dominated state. Rights such as voting were restricted to the Homeland in question, therefore there could be no chance of Black interaction in South African politics. This was combined with the Bantu Administration Board who keptShow MoreRelatedThe Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging ( Awb )2501 Words   |  11 PagesThe Afrikaner-Weerstandsbeweging (AWB) was a political party created by a group of young men in 1973, in Heidelberg, Transvaal South Africa. This group among many, was an organization set out against apartheid in South Africa. However it differed from other political groups in its beliefs and goals. The goal of this group was to create an independent nation state within South Africa known as volkstaat. One of founders was Eugene Ney Terre Blanche, a farmer from the Ventersdorp district, who was raisedRead More Global Business Cultural Analysis: South Africa6982 Words   |  28 Pagesnational identity. South Africa was originally established in 1910. The formation of the South African state was a resolution to unify two British colonies along with two other independent republics forming the Union of South Africa. Nearly 360 years ago, in 1652, South Africa was planted as a colonial outpost by the Dutch East India Company. Cape Town is where they first establish their outstation. South African society developed slowly as a colony, but was eventually officially divided into a socio-economic

The Swimmer by John Cheever Free Essays

Mina Hanna ENGL 2130-010 Ms. Kilgore The Swimmer by John Cheever Oct 06, 2011 The Swimmer by John Cheever Neddy’s journey home through the pools of his neighborhood turns into a journey through many years of his life, showing that passage of time is inevitable, no matter how much one might ignore it. Neddy has mastered the art of denial. We will write a custom essay sample on The Swimmer by John Cheever or any similar topic only for you Order Now At the beginning of the story, the narrator tells us that Neddy is far from young, but he does his best to act young by sliding down a banister and dividing headlong into a pool. The long afternoon at the Westerhazy’s pool seems timeless, no different, we can assume, from many thers afternoons spent exactly the same way. As Neddy’s journey progresses, we see that time is actually passing much more quickly than Neddy realizes. Leaves and hedges turn yellow and red, the constellations in the sky change, and the air gets colder. Friends not at home when he expects them to be, he faces scorn from the people he would once scorned, his mistress wants nothing to do with him, and he learns that a friend has been very ill. All these changes have happened without Neddy’s knowledge. Neddy question his memory, but he also onders whether he has simply denied reality to a dangerous degree. His peers have acted their age and faced adult problems, whereas he has raised. Morshed 2 The pervasive consumption of alcohol throughout the story sharpens the distortion of time and Neddy’s sense of unhappiness. The drinking, serving, and desire for alcohol become significant motivators for Neddy as well as a way to measure his social standing. At the beginning of the story, everyone is complaining of having drunk too much the night before, but they have gathered companionably at the Westerhazys’ pool o drink again. Neddy drinks gin before he decides to swim from pool to pool, and his swim home is marked as much by fresh drinks as by new swimming pool. At the Bunkers’ party, Neddy feels comforted and happy when he is given a drink, whereas at the Biswangers’ party, he feels slighted by the way his drink is served. As his journey grows more difficult, Neddy wishes deeply for a drink but is often turned down, once at the Sachses’ and once at Shirley Adam’s. His desire for a drink grows strongly as he grows weaker, and the amou nt of alcohol he has consumed during is journey could explain clearly the harsh bewildering emotional place in which Neddy finds himself at the end of the story. Morshed 3 The pools that Neddy swims through as he makes his way home represent periods of time that Neddy passes through. At the beginning of the story, Neddy is strong and active, feels deep contentment with his life, and is admired by his friends. Warm is the sun, he feels like a legendary figure, as though there is nothing he can’t accomplish. As he progresses from pool to pool, however, Neddy changes. Physically, he grows eaker, unable to pull himself out of pool without a ladder and unwilling to drive in as he once did. Instead of being warm, he eventually feels chilled to the bone. Around him, the sunny summer day grows increasingly cooler, and a storm passes. The trees, meanwhile, lose their leaves, and the constellations change to those of autumn. His standing in his social circle has changed as well. Once r espected and given to snubbing those who are not part of his group, he is now snubbed by Grace Biswanger and the bartender at the party, Which Neddy is not aware that he has suffered. A lot has happened as he has been moving from pool to pool. Neddy has named the chain of pools the â€Å"Lucinda River†, invoking the security and longevity of his marriage and family, but his choice of name becomes sad and ironic when he winds up at his dark, deserted home. Neddy has taken Lucinda, just as he took his comfortable life, for granted. We don’t know much about their marriage, but we know of Neddy’s affair with Shirley, an affair he treated lightly and to which he attached no meaning. Morshed 4 The changes in weather and season that occur throughout the story mirror Neddy’s hanging life circumstances, particularly the deterioration of his comfort and security. At the beginning of the story, Neddy is warm in the sunshine, conscious of nothing but his own happiness and the pleasures of the day. As he begins his swim, the water and air are of comfortable temperature, and he can walk easily from pool to pool in his swim trunks. Shortly into his jo urney, a storm passes, making a turning point in Neddy’s plans. He is alone for the first time, waiting out the storm in a deserted gazebo; and when the storm ends, the warmth is gone. He is chilly, and the red and yellow leaves n the ground suggest falls. Neddy feels a peculiar sadness, the first time he feels anything other than happiness. Weather and season are not kind to Neddy from this moment on. He gets colder, sees more signs of fall, and changes from a robust traveler into a pathetic figure by the highway. Autumn arrives in full as Neddy finishes his journey, and the final pool he swims in has freezing cold water. Just as Neddy’s happy life has come to a close, the cycle of seasons has been completed as well, and it is clear by the end of the story that Neddy’s is entering the winter of his life. How to cite The Swimmer by John Cheever, Papers

To What Extent Should Contemporary Society Respond to the Legacies of Historical Globalization Essay Example

To What Extent Should Contemporary Society Respond to the Legacies of Historical Globalization? Essay To what extent should contemporary society respond to the legacies of historical globalization? To the extent of saying sorry and get over it, it’s in the past: what is done and we can’t take it back. Do people today really have to respond because of the wrongs our ancestors did? Well yea, but not to the extent of handing out money, our hard earn cash. And to the extent of what does history teaches us and the lessons learned with complete objectivity? Yes I understand that the apologies is not being said until now, it’s kind of pathetic What I’m trying to say here is that we as people learned from our mistakes and we learn a lesson of what to do and making sure that it doesn’t happen again, and plus there is no more land to take over. Let’s go back a little and answer my point of the question Do people today really have to respond because of the wrongs our ancestors did? Like I said before, yes we should, but not to the extent of handing out money to people. I get that we respond to the wronging of our ancestors and the world is fine and dandy except a few disagreements. We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent Should Contemporary Society Respond to the Legacies of Historical Globalization? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent Should Contemporary Society Respond to the Legacies of Historical Globalization? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent Should Contemporary Society Respond to the Legacies of Historical Globalization? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It’s just that why didn’t we do it before? Was it that our stubbornness got in the way, was it because we didn’t think that it would come back a bite us in the butt one day I don’t know the reason. Oh well, we learned our mistakes and never doing it again. Now let’s move on this little rant to the next question: what does history teaches us and the lessons learned with complete objectivity? The idea of learning from the past so that mistakes are not repeated. But it should be remembered that each situation is different, no matter what it is. I’m not quite sure how to answer this but when we discuss these topics we think different then what is in the book but it won’t change the past. Yes we are like why did they do this, why didn’t they do it this way; I guess they thought that the way they are doing things are the only thing to go by. And it’s not; I guess we finally realize that it was wrong and never doing it again. The third and last paragraph of this rant: why is it taking so long to apologize for the wrongs that our ancestors did or might have done? I’m not quite sure how to answer this one. Maybe we didn’t realize what we were doing was wrong or was it because of pride and power that these people had I don’t know. Here is one person’s opinion of why we haven’t apologized before now: â€Å"The context is the insufficiency of justice seeking in the world, and the unhealthy, sometimes long-smouldering residue left behind by generations that have ignored great wrongs or failed to address them properly. Because of this insufficiency, the passage of time, and the inaccessibility of more conventional means for righting these wrongs, societies may need to find unconventional solutions in a continuing quest for justice. † (http://www. informaworld. com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a771404084) Well there you have it folks my awesome almost 2 minute rant of historical globalization and what my opinion on this whole thing. Ok this rant is a little confusing so let’s summarize. 1. Do people today really have to respond because of the wrongs our ancestors did? Depends on the issue and how we respond to it. 2. What does history teaches us and the lessons learned with complete objectivity? Tell the truth and never concur other peoples land. 3. Why is it taking so long to apologize for the wrongs that our ancestors did or might have done? Because the issue was put to the side and ignored the great wrongs and failed to do the apologies. What I’m trying to say here is that we as people learned from our mistakes and we learn a lesson of what to do and making sure that it doesn’t happen again.

Silicone Breast Implants essays

Silicone Breast Implants essays In a womans life, her breasts are important to her in many ways. They can contribute to her self-esteem, appearance, and sexual satisfaction. Today plastic surgery is performed mostly for cosmetic reasons. It has been misunderstood for a beauty surgery. Having taken the entire amount of plastic surgeons, only small amounts limit their practice to just cosmetic operations. Woman who choose to have breast implants do so for many reasons. It might be due to an accident or even a cancer patient. Women that have cancer or are recovering from cancer usually have this procedure because it was necessay for them to have a mastectomy. After one or both of a womens breast have been removed this person chooses to have silicone implants to give them a feeling of wholeness again along with many other personal reasons. For the other patients, breast implants are an elective surgery. These pre-op patients have several decisions that need to be thought out thoroughly. A few are: the costs (medical insurance companies do not typically pay for this operation), the type of implant (saline, silicone or double lumen), the size of the implant, the shape of the breast, should it be in front or behind the muscle, how should the doctor put in the implant (through the crease under the breast, the areola, the armpit, or belly button), how reputable the doctor is (has he or she done this operation before and if so how many times and what were the results). With many more questions this person has to ask themselves, they must also consider the risks that go hand in hand with their decision. After a woman has made a decision to go ahead and have breast implants there are some very important questions that she should ask her doctor. One, is this doctor board certified? Next, does the doctor have hospital admittance and transfer privileges in case there is a lot of pain after the surgery? Then, make...

A Profile of Henry VIII of England

A Profile of Henry VIII of England Henry VIII was King of England from 1509 to 1547. An athletic young man who famously grew much larger later in life, he is best known for having six wives (part of his quest for a male heir) and breaking the English church away from Roman Catholicism. He is arguably the most famous English monarch of all time. Early Life Henry VIII, born June 28, 1491, was the second son of Henry VII. Henry originally had an older brother, Arthur, but he died in 1502, leaving Henry heir to the throne. As a youth, Henry was tall and athletic, frequently engaged in hunting and sport, but also intelligent and academic. He spoke several languages and studied the arts and theological debate. As king, he wrote (with help) a text refuting the claims of Martin Luther, which resulted in the Pope granting Henry the title of Defender of the Faith. Henry became king on the death of his father in 1509 and was welcomed by his kingdom as a dynamic young man. Early Years on the Throne, War, and Wolsey Shortly after acceding to the throne, Henry VIII married Arthur’s widow Catherine of Aragon. He then became active in international and military affairs, pursuing a campaign against France. This was organized by Thomas Wolsey. By 1515, Wolsey had been promoted to Archbishop, Cardinal, and Chief Minister. For much of his early reign, Henry ruled from a distance through the greatly capable Wolsey, who became one of the most powerful ministers in English history and a friend of the king. Some wondered if Wolsey was in charge of Henry, but this was never the case, and the king was always consulted on key matters. Wolsey and Henry pursued a diplomatic and military policy designed to raise England’s (and thus Henry’s) profile in European affairs, which was dominated by the Spanish-Franco-Habsburg rivalry. Henry displayed little military ability in wars against France, living off one victory at the Battle of the Spurs. After Spain and the Holy Roman Empire became united under Emperor Charles V, and French power was temporarily checked, England became sidelined. Wolsey Grows Unpopular Attempts by Wolsey to change England’s alliances to maintain a position of importance brought a backlash, damaging vital income from the English-Netherlands cloth trade. There was upset at home, too, with the regime growing unpopular thanks partly to demands for more taxation. Opposition to a special tax in 1524 was so strong the king had to cancel it, blaming Wolsey. It was at this stage in his rule that Henry VIII entered into a new policy, one which would dominate the rest of his rule: his marriages. Catherine, Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII’s Need for an Heir Henry’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon had produced just one surviving child: a girl called Mary. As the Tudor line was recent to the English throne, which had little experience of female rule, no one knew if a woman would be accepted. Henry was worried and desperate for a male heir. He had also grown tired of Catherine and fascinated by a woman at the court called Anne Boleyn, sister of one of his mistresses. Anne didn’t want to simply be a mistress, but queen instead. Henry may also have been convinced his marriage to his brother’s widow was a crime in Gods eyes, as proved by his dying children. Henry decided to solve the matter by requesting a divorce from Pope Clement VII. After seeking this, he decided to marry Anne. Popes had granted divorces in the past, but now there were problems. Catherine was an aunt to the Holy Roman Emperor, who would be offended by Catherine being shunted to the side, and to whom Clement was subservient. Furthermore, Henry had obtained, at cost, special permission from a previous Pope to marry Catherine, and Clement was loathe to challenge a previous papal action. Permission was refused and Clement dragged a court decision out, leaving Henry worried about how to proceed. Fall of Wolsey, Rise of Cromwell, Breach With Rome With Wolsey growing unpopular and failing to negotiate a settlement with the Pope, Henry removed him. A new man of considerable ability now rose to power: Thomas Cromwell. He took control of the royal council in 1532 and engineered a solution which would cause a revolution in English religion and kingship. The solution was a breach with Rome, replacing the Pope as the head of the church in England with the English king himself. In January 1532, Henry married Anne. In May, a new Archbishop declared the previous marriage voided. The Pope excommunicated Henry soon after, but this had little effect. The English Reformation Cromwell’s break with Rome was the start of the English Reformation. This wasn’t simply a switch to Protestantism, as Henry VIII had been a passionate Catholic and he took time to come to terms with the changes he made. Consequently, England’s church, which was altered by a series of laws and bought tightly under the control of the king, was a halfway house between Catholic and Protestant. However, some English ministers refused to accept the change and a number were executed for doing so, including Wolsey’s successor, Thomas More. The monasteries were dissolved, their wealth going to the crown. Six Wives of Henry VIII The divorce of Catherine and the marriage to Anne was the start of a quest by Henry to produce a male heir which led to his marriages to six wives. Anne was executed for alleged adultery after court intrigue and only producing a girl, the future Elizabeth I. The next wife was Jane Seymour, who died in childbirth producing the future Edward VI. There was then a politically-motivated marriage to Anne of Cleves, but Henry detested her. They were divorced. A few years later, Henry married Catherine Howard, who was later executed for adultery. Henry’s final wife was to be Catherine Parr. She outlived him and was still his wife at the time of Henrys death. Final Years of Henry VIII Henry grew ill and fat, and possibly paranoid. Historians have debated the extent to which he was manipulated by his court and the extent to which he manipulated them. He has been called a sad and bitter figure. He ruled without a key minister once Cromwell fell from grace, attempting to stop religious dissension and maintain the identity of a glorious king. After a final campaign against Scotland and France, Henry died on January 28, 1547. Monster or Great King? Henry VIII is one of England’s most divisive monarchs. He is most famous for his six marriages, which caused two wives to be executed. He is sometimes called a monster for this and for executing more leading men than any other English monarch on alleged charges of treason. He was aided by some of the greatest minds of his day, but he turned against them. He was arrogant and egotistical. He is both attacked and praised for being the architect of England’s Reformation, which brought the church under crown control but also caused dissension which would lead to further bloodshed. Having increased the holdings of the crown by dissolving the monasteries, he then wasted resources on failed campaigning in France. Henry VIIIs reign was the height of direct monarchical power in England. However, in practice, Cromwell’s policies enlarged Henry’s power but also bound him tighter to Parliament. Henry tried throughout his reign to enhance the image of the throne, making war partly to increase his stature and building up the English navy to do so. He was a fondly-remembered king among many of his subjects. Historian G. R. Elton concluded that Henry was not a great king, for, while a born leader, he had no foresight for where he was taking the nation. But he was not a monster, either, taking no pleasure in casting down former allies. Sources Elton, G. R. England Under the Tudors. Routledge Classics, 1st Edition, Routledge, November 2, 2018. Elton, G. R. Reform and Reformation: England, 1509-1558. The New History of England, Hardcover, First Edition edition, Harvard University Press, January 26, 1978.

The 2008 US Election Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

The 2008 US Election - Assignment Example The United States of America usually carry out elections after every 5 years. However, during the process, there are a series of campaign strategies that must be undertaken to convincingly elect the ideal candidate with leadership capabilities. There are two main political factions within the US, mainly the Republicans and Democrats (Newport, P. 250). Before each faction selects their flag bearer there are preliminary elections where each faction select their party flag bearer whom would battle it out with the other candidates from the contesting parties (Census Bureau, 2009, P. 201). In the 2008 elections, the Democrats had a number of aspirants who included Barrack Hussein Obama, Joe Bidden, and Hillary Clinton, the wife of the former US president Bill Clinton among others. On the other hand, the Republicans who were siding with the former president George Bush junior also carried out their preliminary nominations prior to the 2008 elections and selected Senator McCain as their fla g bearer among Senator Palin just to mention (McKinney, 2010, P. 248). After the preliminaries, both the presidential candidates had to choose their running mates who were to the vice president’s should their faction win election respectively (Piano, 2009, P. 107). The Democrats chose Joe Bidden as the running mate of their presidential candidate, Obama while the Republicans chose Palin as their presidential running mate under the leadership of Senator McCain. Below is the picture of the preferred presidential running mates of Obama- Democrats- Joe Bidden and Sarah Palin of Republican’s, the Senator McCain's running mate (Census Bureau, 2009, P. 206). Fig. 1, Accessed from http://dalje.com/en-world/top-10-moments-of-us-pre-election-campaign/200091on Nov 13th, 2011. Election On the election date, both the Democrats and Republicans prepared to their best with an aim of winning then the election. However, as poll results tickled the tallying centers it was evident that th e Democrats were to carry the day with an overwhelming win over their counterparts’ republicans (Campbell, 2008, P. 39). When McCain, the Republican presidential candidate realized that all was not in accordance with his expectations as the presidential aspirant he decided to concede elections prior to the announcement of the overall presidential votes creating a conducive atmosphere for the celebration to the Democrats with their flag bearer President Barrack Hussein Obama a shoulder high (Newport, P. 252). During the celebration, Obama victory was celebrated by both the electorates and family members from both the US and Kenya where it is believed that Obama Senior who was a husband to Sarah Obama from Kogello village in Siaya district, Kenya where present. However, Kenyans too celebrated as they watched the incidents through telecast media. It was another history in the global politics being that a black American carried the day unlike the times of Martin Luther Kings†™ both senior and Junior which was full of opposition and assassination. â€Å"I have a dream† by Martin Luther King junior in 1968 (McKinney, 2010, P. 251). Obama Health Scheme During the Obama campaign, the key issues which convinced the electorates were a proposal of a broad health scheme that would take care of all ages from children to the old (Panagopoulos, 2008, P. 09).

Acting as if you are hypnotized, Spanos, N.P. (1982) Essay

Acting as if you are hypnotized, Spanos, N.P. (1982) - Essay Example He believes that under hypnosis, a person is highly susceptible to suggestion, performs behaviors involuntarily, exhibits heightened recall of memories, has more vivid imagination, has the ability to dissociate consciousness of certain events from others and a lowered sensitivity to pain. Hypnosis makes one produce thoughts, ideas and behaviors which would not be usually exhibited had the person not been under that hypnotic state. Such a view has been subscribed to by a lot of people who put much faith on the hypnosis phenomenon. Of course, although many can attest to the existence of its evidence in their lives, it is still subject to scientific research to prove it. Without intending to dampen the strong advocacies of hypnosis believers, Nicholas Spanos has disputed this widely accepted view. He claims that hypnotized people are exhibiting behavior which is just like any social behavior, and negates the view that it is involuntary. Rather, consciously or not, it is strategic and goal-oriented. Such behavior is dramatic enough to produce a desired effect. In essence, he says that instead of an altered state of consciousness, hypnosis is a state of increased motivation. People under hypnosis are under the expectation that their behaviors will soon be involuntary as they relinquish control of them and agree to go under the hypnotic trance. However, Spanos argues that the behavior suggested by the person conducting the hypnosis is voluntary at first, and is eventually made to sound more involuntary. Since the hypnotized person is in an increased state of motivation, the suggestion is easily taken and what he hears as a command will seem to him as involuntary. Spanos explains that it is because the person enters the hypnosis with the intention to be controlled by the hypnotist’s suggestions. He also expects that the hypnosis has more power than his own will to